South Dakota Governor's Office of Economic Development Infrastructure First Project
INFRASTRUCTURE FIRST PROJECT STATEWIDE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INFRASTRUCTURE PLAN
Completed January 2025
DISCLAIMER AND CONTACT INFORMATION:
While great care has been exercised in the preparation of this publication, the State of South Dakota, within the limits allowed by law, assumes no responsibility and disavows any liability (including negligence) for expenses, losses (both direct and indirect), damages, and costs incurred due to decisions or actions taken based on any data, information, statement, or advice, whether expressed or implied, contained herein. The content is believed to be accurate at the time of publication to the best of our knowledge. It is important to note that any references to legislation in this publication are not an interpretation of the law but should be utilized as a guide only. The information presented is of a general nature and does not consider individual circumstances or situations. Independent legal advice should be sought where appropriate. Contact Us South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development 711 East Wells Avenue Pierre, SD 57501 605.773.4633 goedinfo@state.sd.us
TABLE OF CONTENTS 01 Executive Summary 2 Overview 4 Key Strategy Elements 5 Report Development 6 Summary Of Findings 10 Users Guide 11 02 State Profile 12 South Dakota Context 14 03 Plan Strategy 28 Planning Themes 30 Priority Actions 33 04 Electric 34 Existing Conditions 37 Challenges 40 Opportunities 41 Priority Actions 42 Case Study 44 Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities 45 05 Natural Gas 46 Existing Conditions 49 Challenges 53 Opportunities 55 Priority Actions 57 Case Study 60 Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities 61 06 Roads 62 Existing Conditions 66 Challenges 69 Opportunities 70 Priority Actions 71 Case Study 74 Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities 75
07 Rail
76 79 81 85 86 88 89 90 93 98 99
Existing Conditions
Challenges
Opportunities Priority Actions
Case Study
Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities
08 Water Rights
Existing Conditions
Challenges
Opportunities Priority Actions
100 102 103 104 107 114 115 116 118 119 120 124 133 134 135 138 139 140 143 147 149 150 153 154 156 158 159
Case Study
Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities
09 Drinking Water
Existing Conditions
Challenges
Opportunities Priority Actions
Case Study
Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities
10 Water Quality
Existing Conditions
Challenges
Opportunities Priority Actions
Case Study
Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities
11 Broadband
Existing Conditions
Challenges
Opportunities Priority Actions
Case Study
Cross‑Infrastructure Possibilities
12 Appendix
Acknowledgments
References
01 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Infrastructure First Project creates a statewide economic development plan focused on identifying infrastructure constraints and prospective improvements to facilitate strategic growth.
OVERVIEW
PLANNING MILESTONES
One Engage State Agencies
Two Engage Utility Companies
Three Engage Planning Districts + EDOs
The Statewide Economic Development Infrastructure Plan summarizes the status of major, essential infrastructure assets across South Dakota. The plan identifies current and future infrastructure constraints and opportunities as they relate to the State’s strategic economic development growth initiatives. Equipped with this insight, economic development leaders, government officials, utility companies, and other key stakeholders, can help guide future policy and investment decisions related to essential infrastructure and can expand economic development opportunities throughout the State. APPROACH The essential statewide infrastructure systems to be assessed were identified as those serving major networks, including water, natural gas, wastewater, electricity, broadband, roads, and rail. Each essential infrastructure network was examined through a systematic process that considered existing local, regional, and statewide infrastructure plans and leveraging GIS data layers published by State and federal agencies to create a data tapestry that illustrates the full context of South Dakota’s infrastructure. ISG facilitated a series of engagements with State agencies, other regulatory bodies, utility providers, planning districts, and other stakeholders to understand the more nuanced challenges and opportunities related to infrastructure investment.
Four Compile Preliminary Report
Five Review Findings with Key Stakeholders
Six Finalize Report + Recommendations
4 | Executive Summary
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
KEY STRATEGY ELEMENTS
PURPOSE STATEMENT The Infrastructure First Project creates a statewide economic development plan focused on identifying infrastructure constraints and prospective improvements to facilitate strategic growth. With input from key project stakeholders, four themes were identified that guided the process, with the primary goal of advancing economic development while building resource independence, cultivating more resilient communities, and improving quality of life through creating dynamic environments.
Plan Themes
Advance Economic Development Generate quality jobs and attract businesses and investment
Cultivate Resilient Communities Position communities to secure and optimize economic development investments
Build Resource Independence + Alternatives Facilitate infrastructure outcomes that are sustainable and diversified
Improve Quality of Place Create a dynamic environment that will, in part, retain and attract the next generation
Infrastructure Types
Water Resources
Roads
Electric
Water Rights
Natural Gas
Rail
Drinking Water
Broadband
MEASURING SUCCESS The effectiveness of the goals and strategies identified within the Statewide Economic Devel opment Infrastructure Plan can be evaluated in relation to the four themes through monitoring and periodic reviews. While the plan should be voluntarily implemented based on actual conditions in each region and community, it can serve as a guide for continual statewide improvement.
Infrastructure First Project
Executive Summary | 5
REPORT DEVELOPMENT
PLAN DEVELOPMENT PROCESS During the planning process, information and feedback was gathered and compiled into a comprehensive statewide strategy that features overarching recommendations and implementation strategies for infrastructure improvements based upon statewide economic development objectives. In support of the Infrastructure First initiative, development of a statewide infrastructure plan began to better identify statewide infrastructure strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities related to attracting or expanding major industries, referred to as focused industries for the purposes of this report, and are not a direct reflection of Governor’s identified focused industries. These industries are as follows: industrial, agribusiness, bioscience, warehousing, and cybersecurity. The plan is intended to recommend strategies for moving forward and implementing a stronger and more resilient infrastructure system to support these economic development objectives.
Identify Existing Infrastructure
Data Gathering
Develop a Plan Strategy
Implementation
Figure 1.1 Plan development process graphic
Identify Existing Infrastructure The process began with identifying the infrastructure types that empower South Dakota to serve its residents, businesses, and visitors. Infrastructure and planning experts met with community and business leaders to learn about current practices, challenges, and goals to develop a comprehensive, statewide plan. As information was gathered, reviewed, and considered, the team integrated it into the plan to align with the goals and needs of existing efforts, while also moving forward measurable goals and implementation strategies for a stronger statewide infrastructure system.
6 | Executive Summary
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Infrastructure Planning Alignment + Integration As part of the identification of infrastructure, it was important to recognize the circle of influence economic development and infrastructure have on the State economy, and how planning alignment and integration of plan recommendations need to focus on the areas where the most influence and impact can be made. Infrastructure is impacted by many levels of government including the federal government, State, planning districts, Tribal Nations, and local governments, in addition to the industry itself. The recommendations in this plan can be used to impact and influence industries, State agencies, and planning districts while considering the needs of Tribal Nations cities, and other communities. A robust infrastructure is essential for sustainable economic development.
Economic Development
Infrastructure
U.S. Economic Development Administration
Federal strategies, plans, and programs
Federal Government
Other industry and federal development plans
Focused Industries
State agencies strategies, plans, and programs
State of South Dakota
Other industry and statewide development plans
Funding and grant assistance to local governments
Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy (CEDS)
Planning Districts
Other strategies, plans, and programs
Comprehensive plans, Capital Improvement Plans (CIPs) and Preliminary Engineering Reports
Local Governments
Economic Development Organizations (EDOs)
Philanthropy, non‑profits, and non‑governmental organizations
Other
Relevant strategic plans and initiatives
Infrastructure First Project
Executive Summary | 7
Data Gathering The data gathering process outlined in this section began in November 2022 and was completed in November 2024. While developing the Statewide Economic Development Infrastructure Plan, data was reviewed and updated as it was made available by the original provider. Changes may have occurred in some reference documents and data; however, best efforts were made to ensure the most current and accurate data was used. After meeting community and business leaders, the planning team further assessed the existing conditions of the State’s infrastructure. The team met with GOED representatives monthly to provide updates, gain input, and continually ensure data gathering aligned with the infrastructure plan needs and goals. Regular updates and monthly meetings allowed for collaboration and development of the implementation plan.
Interviews The planning team met with dozens of industry representatives to gain insights for each infrastructure type. Categories of interviews included, but were not limited to: » Utility and broadband providers » For profit and non‑profit organizations » Transportation experts » State agencies Identify Existing Plans The planning team gathered data for existing conditions, usage, challenges, goals, and opportunities. This included obtaining and reviewing existing plans so efforts of partner organizations could be reflected in the statewide plan. The planning team recognizes that the best experts are those who are doing the work, overcoming the challenges, and providing services throughout the State every day.
Survey In October 2023, a survey was sent to 41 targeted stakeholders across the State, representing economic development, industry, non‑profit, planning district, and local government leaders. The survey had a 75% response rate. The aim was to gather insights on the preferred economic development and infrastructure priorities. Participants were asked to prioritize items that had been identified in earlier steering committee meetings and workshops. A major commonality among the respondents results was the need to identify and optimize the strengths of industrial infrastructure at a regional level. Infrastructure expansion should be focused in areas where new industrial growth is expected, while simultaneously preserving the existing network. Participants agreed that doing this will not only be more cost efficient but will improve resource independence and economic development.
To adequately address existing and future infrastructure needs, it is necessary to plan for the future and that begins with evaluating the present. Survey Response
8 | Executive Summary
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Development of the Plan Strategy After gathering data through meetings, interviews, plan reviews, and surveys, the planning team developed a methodical approach to plan development. This began with defining the scope of each infrastructure type and providing general industry context. GIS maps illustrated the statewide impact of each infrastructure type, while trends and challenges, including capacity constraints and other limiting factors, were analyzed. The team assessed both current challenges and anticipated barriers to future growth, identifying opportunities to achieve desired conditions that support economic development. These findings informed the creation of goals, each paired with actionable implementation strategies and measurable outcomes to track success. For each infrastructure type, a case study highlights key takeaways applicable to South Dakota. The plan also emphasizes the interconnected benefits of improving various infrastructure types. Synergistic opportunities are outlined, with icons identifying cross‑infrastructure possibilities. Implementation While the scope of work for this plan did not include implementation, the plan is set up to be utilized, monitored, and updated regularly. The following page summarizes the findings and recommendations and is supported by a user’s guide on page 11 that can be followed through a deliver, measure, assess, and plan approach, with updates made as needed. While some solutions may be simple modifications, optimizations, and improvements to existing programs, others may require constructing new infrastructure to achieve goals. Implementation can be delivered by individual organizations as they prioritize the solutions offered.
If we work together locally, regionally, and statewide and engage stakeholders at all levels, then strategies for technology, resiliency and optimization will likely be arrived at as a result. Survey Response
Infrastructure First Project
Executive Summary | 9
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
FINDINGS A comprehensive review was conducted of the priorities and goals in each infrastructure chapter. The following list of findings explains the common threads throughout each infrastructure chapter that focus on economic development and the four themes defined in the Purpose Statement:
Focus future infrastructure investments through the lens of economic development Foster collaborative planning efforts between all impacted stakeholders Make infrastructure investment decisions comprehensively
Focus on investments that create highest and best economic impact Implement emerging and innovative technologies Increase resource use efficiency
Future planning proves to be the pinnacle of economic development. Plans from each community can be used to help identify the vision for each area and act on the biggest needs identified in those areas. This report encourages stakeholders to look closely at existing plans to anticipate, plan for, and implement the necessary changes before they are needed. Successful outcomes of future planning rely heavily on collaborative planning efforts and are crucial for economic development. Stakeholders are encouraged to engage with each other to build long‑lasting, successful relationships that can be translated to the success of future planning. For future economic development to thrive, thoughtful investments must be made today. Having a plan in place will only help guide the desired outcome, while investments solidify and guarantee necessary improvements down the line. Being aware of technological advancements and trends will ensure innovative future upgrades.
10 | Executive Summary
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
USERS GUIDE
PRIORITIZE EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS Reform Revamping services by means of regulatory modifications, exploring alternative delivery models, and curbing demand. Optimize Enhancing the utilization of current infrastructure by dispersing peak demand, repurposing underused assets, and boosting efficiency with economical technologies. Improve Existing Upgrading the current infrastructure to cater to evolving demands, which might involve expanding capacity, eliminating inefficiencies, employing temporary facilities, or prolonging the lifespan of existing resources. Create New Constructing new infrastructure in situations where more cost‑effective alternatives are not viable, all while considering designs that accommodate future requirements. Collaborating with Public + Private Partners for Success Partnerships that involve public and private entities are vital to the success of economic development in South Dakota. Groups and entities, similar to those listed below, will benefit from having engaging conversations about development and growth needs. As new opportunities are envisioned, partnerships with additional public and private groups should happen as early as possible. This will provide the greatest chance of success to achieve desired goals of growth and development. The Statewide Economic Development Infrastructure Plan is intended to be implemented and measurable. Implementation of strategies may require reforming, optimizing, and improving existing systems, processes, assets, or policies, and in some cases, it will require creating new infrastructure. Each of these options can be implemented through a deliver, measure, asses, and plan process to ensure continual improvement to economic development goals.
Plan Implementation O1 O2 O3 O4 Deliver Take action to move strategies forward and achieve measurable outcomes. Measure Continually track progress and gather results of the implemented strategies and measurable outcomes. Assess Analyze accomplishments and outcomes and identify successes, challenges, and potential changes. Plan Identify changes to advance economic development through smart and focused infrastructure investments that respond to existing conditions.
Private Engagement » Industry Community Engagement
Public Engagement » Public Agencies
» Tribal Engagement » Non‑Governmental Organizations » Non‑Profit Organizations
» Community Members » Local Businesses
Infrastructure First Project
Executive Summary | 11
02 STATE PROFILE
Economic development relies on various factors, with infrastructure and people being paramount. A demographic analysis was conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the residents of South Dakota. In addition to statewide statistics, demographic data was collected for each Planning District. These statistics underscore the importance of a robust infrastructure system.
SOUTH DAKOTA CONTEXT
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA
2024 LEVEL OF EDUCATION (AGE 25+)
2024 KE Y FACTS
926, 1 63 Population
38. 1 Median Age
Less than 9th Grade
3% 4%
High School/No Diploma High School Diploma
24%
GED
5%
366,642 Households
2.44 Average Household Size
Some College/No Degree
1 7% 1 5%
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
22% Graduate/Professional Degree 1 0% Others 0%
2024 INCOME INFORMATION
Household Income
27, 484
$200, 000+
2024 WORK COMMUTE (HOURS PER WEEK)
28, 788
$1 50,000–$1 99,999
Less than 1 1 –2 3–6 7+
1 6%
70, 055
$1 00,000–$1 49,999
1 8%
1 5%
52, 643
$75,000–$99,999
66, 465
$50,000–$74,999
40, 323
$35,000–$49,999
52%
25, 1 74
$25,000–$34,999
2024 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
24, 809
$1 5,000–$24,999
23%
Bl ue Col lar
30, 901
$0–$1 4,999
64%
Wh i te Col lar
$72,722 Median Household Income
$59,81 1 Median Disposable Income
1 3%
Services
481 ,950 Employed Population (Age 1 6+)
1 .7% Unemployment Rate
$202,620 Median Net Worth
$37,979 Per Capi ta Income
14 | State Profile
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Demographic charts were created using Esri software and used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved.
POPULATION
Total Population
2020–2024 Growth Rate
1 , 000, 000
964, 021
950, 000
926, 1 63
91 4, 084
903, 853
893, 800
1 .03% Population
886, 667
900, 000
850, 000
81 4, 1 80
800, 000
754, 844
750, 000
2000
201 0
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2029
1 .06% Households
Median Age
Average Household Size
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
39. 1
2. 44
38. 1
2. 44
1 . 1 8% Housing Uni ts
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
37. 7
2. 44
36. 9
2. 42
37.0 37.4 37.8 38.2 38.6 39.0 39.4
2.420 2.424 2.428 2.432 2.436 2.440 2.444
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSING
Housing Uni ts
Median Household Income
370, 000 380, 000 390, 000 400, 000 41 0, 000 420, 000 430, 000 440, 000
430, 726
41 3, 492
407, 750
$82,484 2029 (Esri )
397,1 61 402,357
394, 348 391 , 299
387, 905 385, 097
382, 1 1 5 379, 071
369, 244 375, 675 366,507 372,321
364, 079
$72,722 2024 (Esri )
201 0 201 1
201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2029
Owner Vs. Renter Occupied Uni ts
Median Home Value
31 .8%
31 .9%
32.5%
33.0%
33. 1%
2029 (Esri )
$286, 096
2024 (Esri )
$68,944 2022 (ACS)
68.2%
68. 1%
$271 , 756
67.0%
66.9%
67.5%
2022 (ACS)
$21 9, 51 6
2000
201 0
2020
2024
2029
Owner
Renter
$220,000 $250,000 $280,000 $31 0,000
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
State Profile | 15
BLACK HILLS COUNCIL OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
2024 LEVEL OF EDUCATION (AGE 25+)
2024 KE Y FACTS
222,61 8 Population
39.9 Median Age
Less than 9th Grade
2% 4%
High School/No Diploma High School Diploma
22%
GED
7%
90,252 Households
2.39 Average Household Size
Some College/No Degree
1 9% 1 4%
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
21 % Graduate/Professional Degree 1 1 % Others 0%
2024 INCOME INFORMATION
Household Income
5, 662
$200, 000+
2024 WORK COMMUTE (HOURS PER WEEK)
6, 048
$1 50,000–$1 99,999
Less than 1 1 –2 3–6 7+
1 5%
1 5, 355
$1 00,000–$1 49,999
1 7%
1 4%
1 3, 661
$75,000–$99,999
1 7, 234
$50,000–$74,999
9, 1 80
$35,000–$49,999
54%
6, 876
$25,000–$34,999
2024 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
8, 063
$1 5,000–$24,999
22%
Bl ue Col lar
8, 1 73
$0–$1 4,999
62%
Wh i te Col lar
$66,660 Median Household Income
$55,890 Median Disposable Income
1 6%
Services
1 09,956 Employed Population (Age 1 6+)
1 .8% Unemployment Rate
$1 81 ,497 Median Net Worth
$36,255 Per Capi ta Income
16 | State Profile
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Demographic charts were created using Esri software and used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved.
POPULATION
Total Population
2020–2024 Growth Rate
1 80, 000 1 90, 000 200, 000 21 0, 000 220, 000 230, 000 240, 000
232, 209
222, 61 8
21 8, 046
21 4, 81 8
1 .20% Population
21 2, 649
21 1 , 575
1 97, 1 59
1 79, 207
2000
201 0
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2029
1 .41% Households
Median Age
Average Household Size
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
41 . 0
2. 37
39. 9
2. 39
1 .43% Housing Uni ts
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
39. 3
2. 41
37. 4
2. 43
37. 5
38.5 39.5 40.5 41 .5
2.370 2.385 2.400 2.41 5 2.430
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSING
Housing Uni ts
Median Household Income
90, 000 92, 000 94, 000 96, 000 98, 000 1 00, 000 1 02, 000 1 04, 000 1 06, 000 1 08, 000 1 1 0, 000
1 07, 567
1 02, 338
$77,034 2029 (Esri )
1 00, 01 8
98, 255
96, 540
97, 01 2
94, 827
95,332 95,975
93, 466 92, 546 94, 220
90, 255
91 , 672
90, 904
89, 641
$66,660 2024 (Esri )
201 0 201 1
201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2029
Owner Vs. Renter Occupied Uni ts
Median Home Value
32.8% 31 .8%
33.3% 33.1 %
33.3%
2029 (Esri )
$323, 300
2024 (Esri )
$64,742 2022 (ACS)
$307, 1 85
66.8% 66.9%
66.7%
67.2% 68.2%
2022 (ACS)
$240, 459
2000
201 0
2020
2024
2029
Owner
Renter
$240,000 $280,000 $320,000 $360,000
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
State Profile | 17
CENTRAL SOUTH DAKOTA ENHANCEMENT DISTRICT
2024 LEVEL OF EDUCATION (AGE 25+)
2024 KE Y FACTS
42, 1 38 Population
37.9 Median Age
Less than 9th Grade
2% 5%
High School/No Diploma High School Diploma
26%
GED
7%
1 5,888 Households
2.59 Average Household Size
Some College/No Degree
1 8% 1 5%
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
20% Graduate/Professional Degree 8% Others 0%
2024 INCOME INFORMATION
Household Income
1 , 054
$200, 000+
2024 WORK COMMUTE (HOURS PER WEEK)
1 , 068
$1 50,000–$1 99,999
Less than 1 1 –2 3–6 7+
1 6%
2, 761
$1 00,000–$1 49,999
1 7%
1 5%
2, 681
$75,000–$99,999
2, 304
$50,000–$74,999
1 , 661
$35,000–$49,999
52%
1 , 1 71
$25,000–$34,999
2024 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
1 , 303
$1 5,000–$24,999
1 9%
Bl ue Col lar
1 , 887
$0–$1 4,999
69%
Wh i te Col lar
$69,585 Median Household Income
$56,200 Median Disposable Income
1 2%
Services
20,41 9 Employed Population (Age 1 6+)
2.6% Unemployment Rate
$1 72,502 Median Net Worth
$33,657 Per Capi ta Income
18 | State Profile
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Demographic charts were created using Esri software and used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved.
POPULATION
Total Population
2020–2024 Growth Rate
43, 546
43, 500
42, 950
-0.21% Population
43, 000
42, 51 5
42, 372
42, 500
42, 1 96
42, 1 38
42, 1 02
42, 000
41 , 797
2000
201 0
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2029
-0. 1 4% Households
Median Age
Average Household Size
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
38. 6
2. 58
37. 9
2. 59
0.07% Housing Uni ts
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
37. 5
2. 60
37. 0
2. 57
37.0 37.4 37.8 38.2 38.6
2. 570
2. 580
2. 590
2. 600
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSING
Housing Uni ts
Median Household Income
1 8, 300 1 8, 350 1 8, 400 1 8, 450 1 8, 500 1 8, 550 1 8, 600 1 8, 650 1 8, 700 1 8, 750 1 8, 800
1 8, 735
1 8, 684
1 8, 671 1 8,673 1 8,674
1 8, 664
$78,540 2029 (Esri )
1 8, 591
1 8, 542
1 8, 436
1 8, 358
1 8, 392
1 8, 31 0
1 8,300 1 8,305
1 8, 297
1 8, 291
$69,585 2024 (Esri )
201 0 201 1
201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 2020 2021
2022 2023 2024 2029
Owner Vs. Renter Occupied Uni ts
Median Home Value
34.1 % 33.5% 32.7% 31 .9% 30.4%
2029 (Esri )
$21 1 , 036
2024 (Esri )
$65,31 6 2022 (ACS)
$1 97, 723
65.9% 66.5% 67.3% 68.2% 69.6%
2022 (ACS)
$1 68, 71 0
2000
201 0
2020
2024
2029
Owner
Renter
$1 70,000 $1 90,000 $21 0,000 $230,000
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
State Profile | 19
FIRST DISTRICT OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
2024 LEVEL OF EDUCATION (AGE 25+)
2024 KE Y FACTS
1 21 ,885 Population
37.4 Median Age
Less than 9th Grade
3% 3%
High School/No Diploma High School Diploma
28%
GED
4%
48,51 0 Households
2.40 Average Household Size
Some College/No Degree
1 7% 1 5%
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
20% Graduate/Professional Degree 9% Others 0%
2024 INCOME INFORMATION
Household Income
3, 1 1 6
$200, 000+
2024 WORK COMMUTE (HOURS PER WEEK)
3, 399
$1 50,000–$1 99,999
Less than 1 1 –2 3–6 7+
1 6%
9, 449
$1 00,000–$1 49,999
1 9%
1 4%
7, 605
$75,000–$99,999
8, 559
$50,000–$74,999
5, 496
$35,000–$49,999
51%
2, 839
$25,000–$34,999
2024 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
3, 624
$1 5,000–$24,999
26%
Bl ue Col lar
4, 423
$0–$1 4,999
61%
Wh i te Col lar
$72,236 Median Household Income
$58,884 Median Disposable Income
1 2%
Services
64,933 Employed Population (Age 1 6+)
1 .7% Unemployment Rate
$205,579 Median Net Worth
$36,800 Per Capi ta Income
20 | State Profile
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Demographic charts were created using Esri software and used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved.
POPULATION
Total Population
2020–2024 Growth Rate
1 1 2, 000 1 1 4, 000 1 1 6, 000 1 1 8, 000 1 20, 000 1 22, 000 1 24, 000 1 26, 000
1 24, 003
1 21 , 885
1 20, 851
0.42% Population
1 20, 254
1 1 9, 909
1 1 9, 71 2
1 1 5, 878
1 1 2, 731
2000
201 0
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2029
0.46% Households
Median Age
Average Household Size
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
38. 2
2. 40
37. 4
2. 40
0.63% Housing Uni ts
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
37. 1
2. 40
36. 0
2. 38
36.0 36.4 36.8 37.2 37.6 38.0 38.4
2.380 2.384 2.388 2.392 2.396 2.400 2.404
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSING
Housing Uni ts
Median Household Income
53, 000 53, 500 54, 000 54, 500 55, 000 55, 500 56, 000 56, 500 57, 000 57, 500 58, 000
57, 470
56, 435
$80,072 2029 (Esri )
55, 883
55, 473
55, 1 73 55, 002
54, 771 54, 542
54,329 54,460 54, 1 90
53,720 53,975
53, 465 53, 243
53, 1 08
$72,236 2024 (Esri )
201 0 201 1
201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 2020 2021
2022 2023 2024 2029
Owner Vs. Renter Occupied Uni ts
Median Home Value
30.3%
30.4%
31 . 1%
31 .4%
31 .4%
2029 (Esri )
$260, 631
2024 (Esri )
$66,964 2022 (ACS)
69.7%
68.9%
68.6%
68.6%
69.6%
$240, 859
2022 (ACS)
$1 95, 403
2000
201 0
2020
2024
2029
Owner
Renter
$200,000 $230,000 $260,000 $290,000
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
State Profile | 21
NORTHEAST COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
2024 LEVEL OF EDUCATION (AGE 25+)
2024 KE Y FACTS
94,463 Population
40.7 Median Age
Less than 9th Grade
4% 4%
High School/No Diploma High School Diploma
27%
GED
5%
38,635 Households
2.35 Average Household Size
Some College/No Degree
1 6% 1 5%
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
22% Graduate/Professional Degree 8% Others 0%
2024 INCOME INFORMATION
Household Income
2, 590
$200, 000+
2024 WORK COMMUTE (HOURS PER WEEK)
2, 665
$1 50,000–$1 99,999
Less than 1 1 –2 3–6 7+
1 6%
7, 033
$1 00,000–$1 49,999
1 8%
1 4%
6, 053
$75,000–$99,999
6, 524
$50,000–$74,999
4, 304
$35,000–$49,999
52%
3, 090
$25,000–$34,999
2024 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
3, 1 30
$1 5,000–$24,999
27%
Bl ue Col lar
3, 244
$0–$1 4,999
62%
Wh i te Col lar
$69,996 Median Household Income
$57,361 Median Disposable Income
1 1%
Services
47,932 Employed Population (Age 1 6+)
1 .7% Unemployment Rate
$208,652 Median Net Worth
$37,487 Per Capi ta Income
22 | State Profile
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Demographic charts were created using Esri software and used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved.
POPULATION
Total Population
2020–2024 Growth Rate
94, 888
94, 741
92, 500 93, 000 93, 500 94, 000 94, 500 95, 000
94, 463
94, 455
94, 408
94, 402
94, 379
0.02% Population
92, 273
2000
201 0
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2029
-0.06% Households
Median Age
Average Household Size
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
41 . 8
2. 37
40. 7
2. 35
0. 1 2% Housing Uni ts
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
40. 4
2. 35
42. 6
2. 26
40.4 40.8 41 .2 41 .6 42.0 42.4 42.8
2.26 2.28 2.30 2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSING
Housing Uni ts
Median Household Income
46, 646
46, 620
46, 605
46, 597
46, 650
46, 550
46, 496
46, 508
46, 550
$78,884 2029 (Esri )
46, 466
46, 453
46, 450
46, 41 3
46, 450
46, 392
46, 31 8
46, 350
46, 1 48 46,1 62 46,207
46, 250
46, 1 50
$69,996 2024 (Esri )
201 0 201 1
201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 2020 2021
2022 2023 2024 2029
Owner Vs. Renter Occupied Uni ts
Median Home Value
28.8%
29.6%
30.8% 30.4%
28.9%
2029 (Esri )
$225, 307
2024 (Esri )
$66,275 2022 (ACS)
71 .2%
70.4%
71 . 1%
69.3% 69.6%
$207, 023
2022 (ACS)
$1 62, 738
2000
201 0
2020
2024
2029
Owner
Renter
$1 60,000 $1 90,000 $220,000 $250,000
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
State Profile | 23
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT III
2024 LEVEL OF EDUCATION (AGE 25+)
2024 KE Y FACTS
1 1 0,020 Population
40. 1 Median Age
Less than 9th Grade
4% 5%
High School/No Diploma High School Diploma
29%
GED
6%
41 ,729 Households
2.48 Average Household Size
Some College/No Degree
1 8% 1 4%
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
1 7% Graduate/Professional Degree 7% Others 0%
2024 INCOME INFORMATION
Household Income
2, 895
$200, 000+
2024 WORK COMMUTE (HOURS PER WEEK)
2, 508
$1 50,000–$1 99,999
Less than 1 1 –2 3–6 7+
1 5%
7, 329
$1 00,000–$1 49,999
1 8%
1 5%
6, 366
$75,000–$99,999
6, 257
$50,000–$74,999
5, 1 79
$35,000–$49,999
52%
3, 043
$25,000–$34,999
2024 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
3, 524
$1 5,000–$24,999
26%
Bl ue Col lar
4, 628
$0–$1 4,999
60%
Wh i te Col lar
$66,083 Median Household Income
$54,81 6 Median Disposable Income
1 4%
Services
53,242 Employed Population (Age 1 6+)
1 .8% Unemployment Rate
$1 89, 1 70 Median Net Worth
$33,962 Per Capi ta Income
24 | State Profile
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Demographic charts were created using Esri software and used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved.
POPULATION
Total Population
2020–2024 Growth Rate
1 1 1 , 500
1 1 1 , 258
1 1 1 , 000
0.01% Population
1 1 0, 500
1 1 0, 020
1 1 0, 01 0
1 09, 955
1 09, 874
1 09, 867
1 1 0, 000
1 09, 71 4
1 09, 396
1 09, 500
2000
201 0
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2029
0.05% Households
Median Age
Average Household Size
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
41 . 2
2. 47
40. 1
2. 48
0.25% Housing Uni ts
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
39. 6
2. 48
39. 5
2. 42
39.6 40.0 40.4 40.8 41 .2 41 .6
2.420 2.435 2.450 2.465 2.480
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSING
Housing Uni ts
Median Household Income
48, 338
48, 305
48, 350
48, 265
48, 250
48, 1 75
48, 1 37
$76,887 2029 (Esri )
48, 1 30
48, 1 03 48, 1 1 2
48, 1 00
48, 1 50
48, 024
48, 050
47, 965
47, 937
47, 950
47, 842
47, 835
47, 829
47, 850
47, 767
47, 750
$66,083 2024 (Esri )
201 0 201 1
201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 2020 2021
2022 2023 2024 2029
Owner Vs. Renter Occupied Uni ts
Median Home Value
28.9%
30.9%
31.4% 31.4% 31.0%
2029 (Esri )
$21 1 , 1 20
2024 (Esri )
$59,738 2022 (ACS)
71 . 1%
69.0%
68.6% 68.6% 69.0%
$1 95, 900
2022 (ACS)
$1 58, 41 4
2000
201 0
2020
2024
2029
Owner
Renter
$1 60,000 $1 85,000 $21 0,000 $235,000
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
State Profile | 25
SOUTH EASTERN COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
2024 LEVEL OF EDUCATION (AGE 25+)
2024 KE Y FACTS
335,039 Population
36. 1 Median Age
Less than 9th Grade
2% 3%
High School/No Diploma High School Diploma
21 %
GED
4%
1 31 ,628 Households
2.48 Average Household Size
Some College/No Degree
1 7% 1 6%
Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree
26% Graduate/Professional Degree 1 2% Others 0%
2024 INCOME INFORMATION
Household Income
1 2, 1 67
$200, 000+
2024 WORK COMMUTE (HOURS PER WEEK)
1 3, 1 00
$1 50,000–$1 99,999
Less than 1 1 –2 3–6 7+
1 7%
28, 1 28
$1 00,000–$1 49,999
1 7%
1 5%
1 6, 277
$75,000–$99,999
25, 587
$50,000–$74,999
1 4, 503
$35,000–$49,999
51%
8, 1 55
$25,000–$34,999
2024 EMPLOYMENT INFORMATION
5, 1 65
$1 5,000–$24,999
21%
Bl ue Col lar
8, 546
$0–$1 4,999
67%
Wh i te Col lar
$79,765 Median Household Income
$66,849 Median Disposable Income
1 2%
Services
1 85,468 Employed Population (Age 1 6+)
1 .5% Unemployment Rate
$226,21 3 Median Net Worth
$41 ,555 Per Capi ta Income
26 | State Profile
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
Demographic charts were created using Esri software and used herein under license. Copyright © Esri. All rights reserved.
POPULATION
Total Population
2020–2024 Growth Rate
220, 000 240, 000 260, 000 280, 000 300, 000 320, 000 340, 000 360, 000 380, 000
361 , 261
335, 039
328, 992
322, 31 0
31 4, 541
1 .96% Population
308, 508
256, 524
21 3, 21 4
2000
201 0
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2029
1 .88% Households
Median Age
Average Household Size
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
2024 (Esri ) 2029 (Esri )
37. 1
2. 49
36. 1
2. 48
2.07% Housing Uni ts
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
201 0 (Census) 2020 (Census)
35. 8
2. 47
34. 3
2. 47
34.5 35.0 35.5 36.0 36.5 37.0 37.5
2.470 2.474 2.478 2.482 2.486 2.490 2.494
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
HOUSING
Housing Uni ts
Median Household Income
1 1 0, 000 1 1 5, 000 1 20, 000 1 25, 000 1 30, 000 1 35, 000 1 40, 000 1 45, 000 1 50, 000 1 55, 000 1 60, 000
1 52, 546
1 38,889 1 41 ,476
$95,652 2029 (Esri )
1 32,383 1 35,877
1 30, 347 1 27, 906
1 25, 31 6 1 22, 726
1 20, 305 1 1 8, 01 7
1 1 5, 877 1 1 3, 835
1 1 1 , 892 1 1 0, 002
1 08, 1 28
$79,765 2024 (Esri )
201 0 201 1
201 2 201 3 201 4 201 5 201 6 201 7 201 8 201 9 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2029
Owner Vs. Renter Occupied Uni ts
Median Home Value
32.8% 32.1 %
34.7%
35.6%
36.0%
2029 (Esri )
$31 6, 589
2024 (Esri )
$77,274 2022 (ACS)
$302, 331
67.2% 67.9%
65.3%
64.4%
64.0%
2022 (ACS)
$253, 753
2000
201 0
2020
2024
2029
Owner
Renter
$250,000 $280,000 $31 0,000 $340,000
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
State Profile | 27
03 PLAN STRATEGY
Each area of infrastructure within this report is evaluated based on the same Planning Themes: advance economic development, build resource independence and alternatives, cultivate resilient communities, and improve quality of place.
PLANNING THEMES
Based on the themes identified below, infrastructure goals were identified to positively impact communities beyond providing an expanded service area or improved capacity for each utility. The themes are objectives for moving South Dakota forward by generating jobs, attracting businesses, investing in infrastructure, and strengthening communities.
Advance Economic Development Generate quality jobs and attract businesses and investment
Cultivate Resilient Communities Position communities to secure and optimize economic development investments
Build Resource Independence + Alternatives Facilitate infrastructure outcomes that are sustainable and diversified
Improve Quality of Place Create a dynamic environment that will, in part, retain and attract the next generation
30 | Plan Strategy
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
ADVANCE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Advancing economic development through infrastructure improvements is a crucial strategy for promoting growth and prosperity. It is essential for governments and private sector entities to collaborate and advance economic development through improving infrastructure. Public‑private partnerships can be particularly effective in funding and executing large‑scale infrastructure projects. There are several ways in which infrastructure improvements support economic development.
» Transportation improvements, including upgrading rail connections, roads, and bridges can lead to better connectivity and lower transportation costs. » Enhanced connectivity and investing in reliable high‑speed internet and telecommunications infrastructure improve access to information, supports e‑commerce, and enables businesses to reach global markets. » Energy infrastructure investments in energy generation, transmission, and distribution can reduce energy costs, increase productivity, and attract investment.
» Water, wastewater, water supply, and sanitation improvements can reduce disease, increase labor productivity, and support agriculture. » Building resilient infrastructure, can reduce the economic losses associated with disasters and can support faster recovery. » Infrastructure projects often create jobs directly through construction and maintenance activities.
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
Plan Strategy | 31
BUILD RESOURCE INDEPENDENCE + ALTERNATIVES
Building resource independence for electric, natural gas, roads, rail, and water resources in South Dakota is a complex and multifaceted task. Achieving resource independence requires a combination of strategies, investments, and policies. Building resource independence is a long‑term endeavor that requires significant investment and commitment at all levels, from government agencies and businesses to individual citizens. The benefits of achieving resource independence are significant, including economic stability, energy security, environmental sustainability and resilience, and local control.
CULTIVATE RESILIENT COMMUNITIES
The State of South Dakota is confronted with distinctive environmental and economic challenges. The ascending threats posed by extreme weather events and rising costs emphasize the vulnerability of key infrastructure services. The critical infrastructure in South Dakota includes essential sectors such as health care, education, transportation, energy, telecommunications, public utilities, security, and emergency services, and is increasingly exposed to risks that jeopardize the State's overall quality of life and economic vitality. Infrastructure resiliency planning will help protect South Dakota's communities from systemic challenges, ensuring reliable access to necessary resources during disruptions.
32 | Plan Strategy
South Dakota Governor’s Office of Economic Development
IMPROVE QUALITY OF PLACE
South Dakota’s infrastructure plays an important role in economic development and enhancing the quality of place on a local and regional scale. Healthy infrastructure, including well‑maintained roads, railways, public utilities, and high‑speed internet, attracts businesses and encourages investment, leading to increased job opportunities and economic growth. Reliable infrastructure creates a positive environment for industries to succeed, leading to an increase in skilled workers and productivity. A well‑developed transportation network contributes to an enhanced quality of place by encouraging a sense of connectivity, accessibility, and community cohesion. High‑speed digital connectivity allows residents to access education, health care, and employment opportunities more efficiently, which improves the overall standard of living. Additionally, well‑maintained public utilities, such as electric, natural gas, and water contribute to a higher quality of place, making the State more attractive for residents, businesses, and tourists.
PRIORITY ACTIONS With specific focus areas guiding South Dakota's direction, priority action tables have been established for each utility section. Each table identifies a goal with a common theme, along with specific implementation strategies, measurable outcomes, and the intended focus areas that make up the goal. Each implementation strategy and measurable outcome provides a general timeline and difficulty level. Regardless of the anticipated timeline or difficulty, each strategy provides part of the vision for the future of South Dakota, and should be referenced to start a conversation toward the end goal.
Statewide Infrastructure Plan
Plan Strategy | 33
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